Process of rolling manganese steel.



ZOperatures under certain conditions, and sub- UNITED STATES litxfijl dbl l ()l "l*l()E.

WXII'I'IILD 8. POTTER. OP HAHVJAH.

NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO ILNGANIBI s'rm RAIL 7OIPANY. OF IAKWAR, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

PBOCESB OI ROLLING HANGANESE STEEL.

938,898. In Drawing:

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I. Win-nun S. Port-mt. a citizen of the United States. residin at Mahwah, in the county of llcrgeu and State of New Jcrsev, have invented a certain new and useful Process of Rollin" Manganese Batu-l, of which the following is a specificatton.

The ob'eet of this invention is to iroduce finished shapes from manganese steel by rapid reductions through machines of ordinary construction and without impairing the characteristic quality of the material.

lleretofore it has been extremely difficultto roll or work even small plain shapes of manganese steel 'with rolls of ordinary con struction. I have discovered, however, that by r lling the ingot, bloom, billet, blank. or mass of metal to be shaped at certain tem- JlJt-lHg the same to certain steps in the proc P, that irregular shapes having a considerable area in cross section, such as railroad rtils, may be rolled with machines now in use for rolling Bessemer steel rails, and without. destroying or impairing the characteristics and quality of the manganese steel.

The ingot or bloom, if cold and in the ordinary cast condition, is first heated slowly to a temperature above 430" C.. preferablv to about 535? C., but under other conditions the temperature may be raised more rapidly to. about 430 C., as for example, when the ingot or bloom has been so treated as to be tough and free from strains. If, however. the ingot or bloom is at a red heat, or is still but from the heat of casting. a preliminary heatmgis of course. unnecessary. The tempcrature of the ingot or bloom is then raised as desired to a point, hereinafter tlc igllulc l as the upper critical point, and w llltll usually occurs at a tent rature varying from tutti" C., to 1050? where the metal becomes weak and tender, and above which point the Specification of Letters Ya tent.

Application filed Ray 15, 1907. Serial Io. "1H7:

metal is easily ruptured under tension. or in consequence of rapid or unequal expansion in the heating furnace. The temperature is then raised evenly to below the melting g point, which is about 1330" 0., preferably to, a tcln erutut'e below 1250' (L. Whcrc the. metal ieeomes extremely fragile or brittle. for instance, to about 1230" (1.. the highest temperature depending upon the analysis of f Patented Nov. 2, 1909.

the steel, the form of the in at dr bloom, or the character of the rolls. or example if the ingot. bloom or other body of meta is thin it is heated slowly and evenly, or if the bloom or blank heated uniformly throu bout it may be beated in l0 R time but. at u out the same rate in proportion to its thickness, to a temperature varying preferably from 1100" C., to 1250" (7., for instance, to about 1l50 (1, provided the slut re to be formed does not requiretponsidcrablc ilasticity of the metal, and thereupon the r-itln or outer portion is cooled until at or below the ttunperature of the interior.

in case the ingot or bloom is ofordinary shape and thickness, the temperature above the upper critical point is raised slowly or evenly to prevent cracking, until the ingot. or bloom is soft'tllal plastic and is symmetrically heated to temperatures preferably from 1150" (7., to 1250 (1., for instance, to about. 12250" (3., and thereupon the tempera ture of the skin or outer portion is cooled until it is at or below the temperature of the interior. in case, however, the ingot is brought from the mold wi h its interior por-' tion at a temperature from the heat of casting considerably above the upier critical point, for instance, about l330 and with its outer portion having an uneven or irregular, but high temlxarature, as for instance, varying from 950 (3., to 1150" G., t.hen the outer portion is brought evenl y to a temperature prcferally above 1010 (3., but below the temperature of the interior, which interior tcmpcntture will, at the same time, of course, be somewhat reduced, sa from new" (3., to about 1230" t. But if t te body of metal is brought from the mold with its lltlt'llOl"itHHINl'tlllll't slightly above the upper critical point. for instance, 1100" (7., and its outer portion having an uneven or irregular but high.tcmpcrature, for instance, varving from 700* (1., to 900 (7., then the body of metal is heated evenly until in a soft and plastic condition, and to a temperature for instance about. 12 0" (3., whereupon the skin or outer portion is crcnly cooled to a tour peratnrc at. or below the temperature of the interior. In case. however. the body of metal is but from the heat of casting. but the inis sutiieiontly thin to be.

sti

tcrior temperature is below the upper criti- (3., then the body of metal as a whole is evenly brought to the highest predetermined When the ingot is taken from the mold ure throughout above 700 with a temperat (L, as before described, an whit'h is a temperature above the recrystallization point, the metal is in what may he termed an amorphous plastic state, by which i mean. a state wherein the metal is free from crystals, and which state or condition is hereinafter referred to as the amorphous condition. Also when the ingot is taken from the mold at a temperature above. 700" (1'. throughout, or when the ingot has been reheated to the highest predetermined tera-ratnre, as before stated, for example to lzl-itl' (1.. and when neither craeks, rrystnla nor crystalline forms are present in the ingot or body of metal. said ingot may be deeeribed as being in an uninterrupted or continuousamorphoue condition. The ingot, or mass of metal to be worked, is then pasta-d through the blooming mill, rt'iughing i lirs, coggmg rolls, or Sllltjtt'tt'tl to the n tion of a hammer or press, as desired. The initial passes of the ingot through the blooming null, roughing or rogging rolls, are pmt'erably t'otnparatively alight, telllpel'ttltttr is at or above the upper orilit-al point, and in that. case, the first pare-ass should preferably be executed in a box or (iothit: pass, or some pass which will romprese the metal of the ingot toward the center from all points at the Htltlt! time, and exert a substantially Sides of lllt Will be converted into :t prior to any substantial got. or bloom.

In ruse a hammer or press is used, the ingot is preferably reduced slowly at that in order to compress and metal romprisftw the same without snb tnu tial reduction 0? the in wt or bloom. 'lluingot or bloom is then sub of rolls, haunner or n'esa. and if the finished shape desired is snlistantiallv the same as that of the bloom or ingot, or if the tem ierawrought rondition rrtlut-tion of the inture thereof haq been only alightly ret uretl by the inltial treatment in the rolls or under may be passed I the hammer, then the ingot,

directl to the finishing mill. In case, however, t to linished shape to be produced tliffers considerably in orm front that of the ingot or bloom, or if the mt-courage of reduction from any one pass to the succeeding ass in he finishing mill is large, and the. mperature has so l'alle'i that. the neoexsary especially so when the skin uniform pressure upon opposite. "Hi t or bloom whereby the skin I set the surface of tho jeeted to the at'ttou ductility no W waists, the in et or bloom. after leav ng the roughing rolh, ia placed in fortune of any suitable t and carefully and evenly reheated, to at a tam ture as will impart the necessary ducti it), for example. to tem arntures above 1150 C. in its interior portion. The skin (I 0.10! portion of the doom is then pre cooled blightly below the tem ratttm a! interior portion of the boom which it then sub'eeted to the aetio; of the tlniahin mill 1 and is rolled or hammered to lhape; or we ample, if the interior temperatures are above 50 C., the outer iortion is preferably brought to a sh htly ower temperature, as for example, 11 P C. If, however, the interior temperatures are between 1200 C., and 1300 (1., then the outer portions are pn-terably brought to temperatures below [175" (7., ea for example, to 1160 C. one puqmso an result of the lowering oi the teuua-rataro of the outer portion of an ingotor bloom bein to lend thereto a skin or outer portion of sac strength and toughness that the interior portion will be caused to llow without rupture to any rtion of the mass t when umh-r pressure w ile being worked. The redn 'tion ofthe temperature of the skin or outer portion is, refer-ably accomplished by subjecting the hot y of metal to the action of gas or vapor. and immediately the working of the metal.

\Vhen the temperature of the ingot. or 5 bloom is raised 'rery gradually and ateadil a much higher temperature is pertnissibe than when the same is subjected to the action of the rolls or hammer with considerable inequalities of tem -rature in ditferent parts thereof. 'l'o prot ace the best results. it is neeexsary that the interior portion of the ingot or bloom shall be at, or substantially at, the sauntemperature throughout its length atul that the outer portion or surface thereo shall be at the same or a lower temperature than the interior portion. The cooling of the outer portion or skin tends to compreaa the metal in the interior of the in or bloom and to Work the Skin metal,a'nd Slight redm-tions in the first passes through the rolls or under the hammer also tend to oom- ,rt-ssand set he metal. to rai e the ingot. or blfltzlltt to higher temdt-stroying the characteristics of the metal. The heatin of the ingotor bloom abottld preferably carried on in a non-oxidizing lluid to maintain the skin intact and to I e rent the rupture of the ingot or bloom w lie in the furnace. or the cracking of the bloom f tn the prtx'esa of rolling.1

f If the "reatest ton em in the metal be i desired, the finished a in i red heat. may be quencied in water if I necessary, may be reheated and quenched in t the ordinary way.

so that it it possible peratltt'o tlmn is otherwise possible without if at or above a- III . Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Lettors Patent, is

1. The process of forming sha from ma neso steel ingots or blooms w ich consists in working the same while the interidr thereof is in a soft andvplastic condition and at-teinperatures above the upper critical point and the outer portion in a strong and tough condition..

2. The process of forming sha from manganese steel ingots or blooms, w icli con-- sists in working the same while the interior thereof is in a soft and plastic condition and at temperatures above the upper critical point, and the outer portion in a strong and tough condition at temperatures not above those of the interior.

3. The process of forming sha from manganese steel ingots or blooms w ich consists in giving the interior of the ingot or bloom a temperature above the upper critical point and the skin a temperature below the temperature of the interior, and then retlllClD" the ingot.

4. he process of forming shapes from manganese steel which consists in providing "ti strong and tough skin on a body of manganesc steel having a soft and plastic interior, and reducing said body of metal.

5. The process of forming shapes from manganese steel which consists in providing a strong and tough skin on a body of manganese steel having a soft and'plastic interior, and then reducing said body of metal while -thc interior thcrcof is at a lt'll'lptilttilll't above the upper critical point.

6. The process of forining shapes from manganese steel which consists in iinpartm to a body of said metal having a soft an 1 plastic interior. a skin of such strength and lit) toughness as will cause the interior portion of said body to flow while under pressure and without rupture to said body, and then reducinp said body of metal. f

7. The process of forming shapes from manganese steel which consists in heat-in the body of metal to a sul'istantially tlllifiil'lll temperature above the upper critical point throughout, then coolin the outer portion of said body of meta to tea hcn and stren hen the same, and then .re.( ucing the said mdy of metal.

8. The process of forming shapes from manganese steel which consists in heating the body of metal to temperatures above the upcr critical point, maintaining the heat at or above the upper critical point until the tempci'uture of the interior of said body of metal is substantially uniform, and subsequently reducing.

9. The process of forming shapes from manganese steel which consists in heating the body of metal throughout. to temperatures below the upper critical point, then heating the body of metal evenly to temperatures above the upper critical point, and clow the melting point, maintaining the heat until the tem rature of the interior of said body of meta is substantially uniform, and sub sequciitlg reducing.

10. 'i e process of forming shapes from manganese steel which consists in heating the ingot or bloom slowly and evenly from temperatures at or above 1010 C. to tem ratures above 1100 C. and below 1300 C., and subsequently reducing.

11. The process of forming shapes from man nose steel, which consists in evenly heating the body of metal from temperatures at or above the up r critical int, until soft. and plastic, an subsequent y reducing the body'of metal.

12. The process of working manganese steel which consists in slowly and evenly heating a body of mangancsc'stcel from tcinpcraturcs at or above the ufpper critical point until the inter or thereo is and plastic, thcn providing the same with ,a tough skin having a temperature lower than the temperature of the interior, and subse qucntlv reducing the body of metal.

13. The process of forming shapes from manganese steel which consists in evenly heating the body of metal in u non-oxidizing fluid from temperatures at or above the upper critical point, until soft and plastic, and subsequently reducing the body of metal.

1- The process of forming shapes from a'body of manganese steel which consists in heating the metal to temperatures above the upper critical point. subjecting said body of metal to the action of a non-oxidizing fluid while the interior portion of said body is at such tem .raturcs, and while softand plastic, and subsequently reducing said body of metal.

15. The process of forming shapes from a body of man nines-c steel which consists in heating said dy to temperatures above the up critical point in a non-oxidizing tluid. than cooling with gas the outer r-' tion of said body to a temperature beow that of the interior, and subsequently reducing said body of metal.

.Hl. The process of forming shapeafrom ii-iaiiganese steclwhich consists in imparting to a body of said" metal while in a 'contin-' uous amorphous condition throughout ind at temperatures above 1050 C a strong and tough outer portion of skin, whereby said body'of meta may be worked without rupture, and then reducing said body of metal.

17. The process of manganese steel which consists in heating a body of said metal while in a continuous amorphous condition from the heat of casting until the same is symmetrically heated and subsequently reducing said body 0 forming shapes from I tore above 1150 at an average tetnparattneabove is. The procou of forming fllepea from melting point and ita exterior portion at irregu r temperatures, which oooeiaea in bringing the-temperate! o! the outer poemanganeae eteel wltieh consists in heating l tioeto a tea: tale above the I critthe I while in a oonttnnoua amorphous ical point but h'elow the tetnperattn'e ot the rendition from the heat of eating until the ng the of interior iowt have an a tem i M Q. and 33: 1mm, bringing the tetnperaturea of the outer tionabote then reritical that 0' I150 t.. and ai t oequontly said ingot.

In. The poem of forming shapes from man neae steel which coneiata lubjecting to be t an ingot having interior temperatures approximating the melting point rent the until the outer portion t of ttttfllllf of said ingot in tronght to temperatures lmtwt-en the upper critical int and 1150" t.. utnl until eymntetrimlly eatetl, and then reducing laid ingot.

20. The process of forming shapes from a body of manganese steel in a continuoue amorphoua condition, which eoneiata in toughening the outer portion thereof to preventrn nle u'nd then wo the-ante without an -tanttal reduction, then retlltcll the body of metal.

21. shapes tron? e proceoot formingl manganese ateel ingots or coma, which consists in converting the eltin of the same trithout substantial reduction into a wrought t-omlition while the interior thereof in in a oft and pluetie condition, and at it it'll!- 'mrntnre above tin.- uppcr critical point. tttnl then r ducing the: in )C or bloon be prwess o forming ehn )t'n' from nmngnnese steel ingots or blooms, whit-h row on in giving the interior portion of the ingot or bloom tmu x-retumnbove the upper t'r'uit-nl point, and the outer portion temperatures below those of tho interior, work, mg the ingot or bloom without substantial mlnetion, and then reducing the ingot. or llltlolll.

:28; The primer-ts of forming ellttpeh from it y otmanganese steel wherein the interror temperature is above the upper critiral point, which conoistsin subjmtiug fillltl hotly of metal to reduction by n ubstuntially uniform peripheral pretemt'e while the intot-tor is soft and plastic, and then reducing he bod of metal. I

24. to process of forming: shapes from n umnguncee steel ingot or bloom having its interior at. tetntcratures above the upper rritieal point, w ich consists in treating the ingot or bloom no that the outer portion or nklll thereof shall be tough and of uniform temperature. and then nubjecting the ingot to redu tion by eubstnntially uniform prl'l| .lltll pressum.

2.3. The procem of forming shapes from n hotly of manganese ateel having its interior ortion at temperatures approximating the llllll interior, and thee mlnei metal.

so. The proceot tormi aha a of manganese steal hat-man interiortemperature approximating melting to point and an exterior temperature below the upper critical tnt, which eoneiate in slowly heating the but of metal until its outer portion Into a tetuperatute above the upper eritieal point but below t interior tempera tn: ture. and thou reducing the body ot metal.

27. The [ll'tlt't'l'fl of forming shapes from in heating the oily of metal no that the interior tentrt l'ttllllt' thmnghout is fillbrttllllllllly uni- 8 ortu. ton betting the skin of said body of metal. rol ing ttaitl body of metal to a bloom, then re-lteating saitl bloom to impart ductility, anal then subjecting the bloom to the notion ot' tlniehlng rolla.

28. The promo of terrain ahapea from manganese steel which counts in heating the body of metal to a snltetantially uniform temperature throughout, cooling the outer portion thereof, subjecting the body of metal to rolbvto produce a bloom, rebeatin the bloom, cooling the outer portion them? and nubjerting the same to the notion oi tini hing rolls.

:59. The pl'ot't't-n of forming shape: from nmngumwt -ltnl which consists in evenly heating the body of metal to a substantially uniform tenmerutum, cooling the outer portion thereof. eubjeeting the body of metal to n sltlmtulttinlly nnifomt peripheral preaure, reheating the hotly of metal, then cooling the outer portion thereof and forming the -tllllt'- l|| it-: finished shape.

no. The llttlittflfl of forming shapes from neutsteel which oonnietn in hcatin the naly of metal in a non-oxidizing tluiii to a substantially uniform temmrttture, eoob ing the outer portion of the l of metal to a tent .rtttttro below that of t to interior port ion t tort-of, eubjm-ting the body of metal to I't'tlllt'litlllri, reheating the bad of metal. cooling the outer portion the and then torminfitbe name to tlnlnhcd 31. romeo of rolli raila rom manganeee ntee which t-oneietem heating an ingot of ttttitl metal to temperatnrm above 105""0, thrtmghont, cooling the outer portion of tho ingot, subjecting the name to the action of blooming mile to form a b reheating the bloom, and then rolling from 32. The pmceea of tormi v ehapea from manganese steel which consists in heating the body of metal until the interior ion thereof becomea eott and plaatie, t remama during said body of meta! tn its finished w a finished shape, and then imnwdintely *hapv and thou qumxching said finished shape in wan-r tn toughen the smam- \vitlmnt I In testimony whcroof. I nfiix my mgnamlu-nting. I haw. in the pn-ncnvc of two witnnsaes.

33. The prmcss of forming shapes from WINFHILD S: POTTER. manganese steel which cum-aidsin giving Wham- 0s: lhe body of nwml temperutm'm above 1100 .\I. VAN Nmrrwlcx, sulMvpu-nfl rinllingz mid body of metal Jams B. \Vm'rx.

quenching said finishrd shape in water. m 

